ABSTRACT
Zataria multiflora Boiss. is one of the Iranian traditional spices and it has antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria which are agents for some current foodborne intoxications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on Escherichia coil 0157:H7. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil [EO] for Escherichia coil 0157:H7 at 35°C, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of EO on growth curve of bacteria up to 24 hours at 25 and 35°C and also production of shigatoxin 2 [Stx2], at 35°C has been determined. MIC and MBC of EO which have been evaluated were 0.04 and 0.06%, respectively the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of EO on bacterial growth curve during 24 hours has been determined by spectrophotometer device at 25 and 35°C and also production of shigatoxin 2 [Stx2], at 35°C has been determined. Subihibitory concentrations of EO, significantly, decreased the production of Stx2 at 35°C in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and it can be used as a natural preservative in food industry
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli O157 , Spices , Oils, Volatile , Shiga Toxin 2 , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
A simple sensitive and low cost method is developed as a semi-quantitative screening method for field detection of lead in water, which based on the reaction of lead with 1.5-diphenylthiocarbazone. The test is carried out in a test bottle has a cap contains the dry reagent, while the bottle contains the solvent and activator chemical compounds. To perform the test the sample is added to the bottle, the cap is pressured and the bottle is shaken for one minute which permits the formation of lead- dithizonate causing visually detectable color change. The concentration of lead is determined by comparing the resulting color to the prepared provided color chart. Some samples are tested with this method, and with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method. The comparison of results showed that this test has satisfactory sensitivity and it is suitable for the field detection of lead in water as a semi-quantitative test
Subject(s)
Water/analysis , DithizoneABSTRACT
Infertility is defined as one year of unprotected coitus without conception. By artificial reproductive technology, rate of multiple pregnancy is increased to 35%. This leads to an increase in cesarean section rate, prematurity, perinatal mortality. This study is designed as retrospective descriptive- analytic. All of the pregnant women with twin gestation coming to Taleghani, Mahdieh, and Imam Khomeini hospital during the years 1996-2003 were included in the study sequentially, regardless of age or parity. Excluding criteria was past history of preterm delivery abortion, hypertension and previous cesarean section. For the data analysis, we used the Z test. We compared 76 spontaneous twin pregnancies with 74 twin pregnancies after IVF and 76 twin pregnancies after ovulation induction, with respect to these parameters: hypertension, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, abortion, premature rupture of membrane, preterm delivery, APGAR score, pernatal mortality. We did not find any significant difference in having hypertension gestational age at birth, premature rupture of membrane, abortion, preterm delivery, APGAR score, still birth and neonatal death between three groups. Mean maternal age in spontaneous group was 26.5 years old, in IVF group 34 years old and in induction group 30 years old. There were significant numbers of primiparous women in the IVF and in induction group. The cesarean rate was significantly higher in IVF group [Z >1.96] and the vaginal delivery rate was significantly higher in spontaneous twin pregnancy [Z > 1.96]. There is no difference in perinatal outcomes in 3 groups